His efforts to raise money for his program were         because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets

A.in place

B.in sight

C.in effect

D.in vain

答案及解析： D

解析：

in place 在适当的位置;  in sight 在视力所及范围之内;  in effect 实际上;  in vain 徒劳。