高考书面表达怎样运用复杂结构和高级词汇

近几年的高考《考试说明》中,关于高考英语书面表达评分标准第五档(很好)中有这样一段话:"应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。"这就是说,学生仅运用基础的词汇和基本的句型,不能体现出较强的语言运用能力,即使表达无语法错误,也不能得高分;相反有些错误,目的在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇,也不扣分,仍属于最高档次。高考把写作要求提到了这样一个高度,有利于反映学生的水平层次,有利于指导教学。原来"要点完整,语言无误,行文连贯,表达清楚"的标准就落后了。

在平时的教学中,训练最多的,学生们也最习惯的是五种基本句型:①主语+谓语;②主语+谓语+宾语;③主语+谓语+间接宾语;④主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;⑤主语+谓语+宾语+补足语。用这些句型组织的句子单一、无生气,不能给人一种含金量高的审美享受。客观形势对我们提出了高难度的要求,我们怎样才能对书面表达进行科学的操作?怎样才能控制写作呢?本文拟就这一课题进行讨论,希望能给学生以启迪,调动积极性,开拓思维,培养创新精神。

首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句型,要灵活运用各种语法结构,使文章有声有色。

一、改变时态

例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)

There goes the bell! (高级)

二、改变语态

例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)

It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级)

三、使用不定式

例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)

He is so kind as to help me.(高级)

四、使用过去分词

例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)

Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高级)

②Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高级)

五、使用V-ing形式

例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)

On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高级)

②If the weather permits, I＇ll come tomorrow.(一般)

I＇ll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高级)

六、使用名词性从句

例:①It disappointed everybody that he didn＇t turn up.(一般)

The fact that he didn＇t turn up disappointed everybody.(高级)

②I happened to have met him.(一般)

It happened that I had met him.(高级)

③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)

What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高级)

七、使用定语从句

例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)

The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高级)

八、使用状语从句

例:①I won＇t believe what he says.(一般)

No matter what he says, I won＇t believe.(高级)

②If you come back before six o＇clock, you can go out.(一般)

You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six o＇clock.(高级)

③If she doesn＇t agree, what shall we do?(一般)

Supposing that she doesn＇t agree, what shall we do?(高级)

九、使用虚拟语气