11.Two-word Verbs 成语动词

A: Hi, Mary, how are you doing?

B: Fine. What happended to you yesterday? I didn't see you in class.

A: Oh, I overslept as usual. What went on anyway?

B: We heard about two-word verbs.

A: What's a two-word verb?

B: Things like drop in, go over, get out, fill up. Listen to these two sentences: citation will run in the third race tomorrow; Mr.Lee will run in to see you tomorrow. Can you tell which run in is the two-word verb?

Notes

How are you doing? 同how are you? (美国人见面时常用的问候语)

What happened to you yesterday? 昨天你出了什么事？

What went on? 发生了什么事？

Citation 一匹赛马的名字

Run in 顺便来访

A：喂，玛丽，你好吗?

B：很好。昨天你出了什么事？我在课堂上没有见到你。

A：啊，像往常一样睡过头了，难道有什么事？

B：我们学了一些成语动词。

A：什么成语动词？

B：像drop in, go over, get out, fill up这些词。听听下面这两句话：Citation will run in the third race tomorrow; Mr.Lee will run in to see you tomorrow. 这两句中都有run in，你能说出哪一个是成语动词吗？

12．More Two-word Verbs 又一些成语动词

A: I hadn't finished telling you about two-word verbs, Bob.

B: Do I have to hear more? I'm not sure I can follow it.

A: Sure you can. This part is the most interesting.

B: Okay. Go ahead.

A: Well, here are sentences with two-word verbs with objects:

I can't get over

I can't get it over

I can't get over it

I can't get him over it

They all mean different things

B: Can you explain how they're different?

A: Each part or both parts of the two-word verb can have an object. The verb may have different meanings with different objects, or different arrangements of object. Is that clear? You look confused.

B: I'm not confused, I was just thinking.

Notes

Follow-understand

Get over 越过(如篱笆)

Get it over 解释，讲清楚

Get over it 从(惊吓、疾病)恢复过来

Get him over it 使他忘却(遗憾、悲伤)

A：鲍勃，关于成语动词，我还没有对你讲完。

B：我还需要听你讲吗？我不知道是否能理解。

A：你当然能理解。这一部分是最有意思的。

B：好，说吧。

A：嗯，下列这些句子里的成语动词有宾语：

I can't get over

I can't get it over

I can't get over it

I can't get him over it

这些句子的意思都不相同。

B：你能否解释一下怎么不同？

A：成语动词的每个部分或两个部分可以有一个宾语。动词加上不同的宾语或宾语的不同组合，就可以有不同的含意。清楚了吗？你好像弄糊涂了。

B：我没有糊涂。我只是在思考。

13. Speak up 大声说话

A: I thought I was speaking English fairly well. Now I'm not so sure.

B: What did you say?

A: I said I thought I spoke pretty good English, but people keep asking me to repeat what I've said, so maybe I'm not doing so well after all.

B: There's nothing wrong with your English. It's just that no one can hear what you're saying.

A: Is that what's wrong? But I think it's impolite to talk loudly.

B: You don't have to shout, but you do have to make yourself heard. Maybe Americans talk louder than other people. If so, you'll just have to speak louder,too.

Notes

Fairly well 挺不错

Is that what's wrong? 这就是问题所在吗？

Make yourself heard 让别人听得见你说的话

A：我本以为自己的英语说得不错。现在我又不那么有把握了。

B：你说什么？

A：我说我以为自己英语说得不错，但人们老是要我重复我说过的话。或许我说的并不那么好。

B：你的英语没有问题。只是没有人听得见你在说什么。

A：毛病就在这里吗？可是我觉得大声说话是不礼貌的。

B：你不一定要大声喊叫，但你应该让别人听得见你的话。也许美国人说话声音比别的人要响。如果这样，你说话声音也大一些就是了。

14. Learning a language 学习一种语言

A: To speak a language, one must know its grammar almost completely, not just its vocabulary or its sounds, not even sets of rules for constructing sentences. But one can't learn a language by studying only its grammar. If you do this, you may learn only the grammar and not the language. Instead, by memorizing how to use them, one can learn both the grammar of the language and the language.

Notes

Instead-rather

A great many-a great deal

A：为了能说一种语言，一个人不仅要掌握词汇和发音，以及一系列造句的规则，还应对语法做到差不多融汇贯通。但是仅仅学习语法，还不能掌握一种语法。如果只做到这点，那你学会的可能只是语法，而不是语言。相反，记住大量句子并学会使用这些句子，就能既学会语法，又学会语言。

15. Easy and Difficult 易学的和难学的语言

A: People always say that Chinese and English are very hard to learn. Sometimes I wish I were learning French or Japanese. Maybe they'd be easier.

B: Maybe, but maybe not too. It all depends on what language you already speak.

A: Why should that be? What diffrence does it make?

B: Well, languages are more or less equally difficult. Most of the things one language says must be said by every language in some way.

A: You mean I could learn Chinese easily?

B: No, because your native language is Spanish. But Italian might be easy. It has a lot of words that are similar to words in Spanish. Even the sound systems are more similar than that of Chinese is to Spanish. How difficult a language is to learn depends mostly on how much it resembles your own language.

Notes

Sound system-the total arrangement of the vocal units of a language

Resembles-is like

A：人们常说汉语和英语是很难学的。有的时候我想要是我学法语或日语就好了。也许这两种语言容易些。

B：可能，不过也可能不太容易。这要看你原来是说什么语言的。

A：为什么呢？这有什么关系？

B：哦，语言大体上都是同样地难学。一种语言中所说的绝大部分东西，在别的语言中差不多都有。

A：你的意思是说我学汉语会很容易？

B：不，因为你的母语是西班牙语。所以意大利语可能容易些。它有很多词同西班牙语相似。连它的语音体系也比汉语更接近西班牙语。一种语言是否难学，主要看它在多大程度上同自己的语言相近。

16. American English Rhythm 美国英语的节拍

A: Hello, Harry. Where are you off to?

B: I'm going home to study my English lesson.

A: English lesson?

B: Yes. I'm trying to learn a little more. I don't always understand what people say, and they don't always understand me.

A: What're you learning about?

B: Well. For instance, some words in a sentence. The time between two of these stressed words is always about the same, no matter how many words there are. This is what makes English sound jerky. First you go very fast, and then perhaps you slow up.

A: Hmmmm. I never noticed that. Give me an example.

B: Sure, Here's a sentence we memorized for class. “You told me last night not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time.”It takes just as long to say“not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time”as it does to say“you told me last night”

Notes

Accented-stressed

Jerky 不规则地跳动

A：你好，哈里，你到哪儿去？

B：我回家去温习英语课。

A：英语课？

B：是的，我想尽量多学一点。我总是听不懂人家讲的话，别人也听不懂我讲的话。

A：我在学习什么呢？

B：嗯，例如，在一句话中的有些词是加重语气的，读音较重。不论一句中有多少加重的词，其中两个词间隔的时间总是几乎一样的。这就使英语的音调显得不平稳。开始你说得很快，后来可能慢下来。

A：哦，我倒从来没有注意到这点。给我举个例子。

B：可以。这儿有一句我们在上课时应记住的话：“You told me last night not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time.”在说“not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time”这段话的时间就和说“you told me last night”这句话一样长。

17. “No”and“Not” “No”和“Not”

A: Hi, Mary. How've things been? I haven't heard anything about your English investigation for weeks. What're you studying now?

B: Now it's negative-“no”and“not”, to be specific.

A: There's nothing particularily unusual about “no”and“not”, is there?

B: Not a lot, really. The main thing seems to be that “not”is used with verbs, and “no”everywhere else.

Notes

How've things been? 情况如何？(问候用语)

Investigations-research

A：你好，玛丽。你过得怎样？我有好几个星期没听到有关你研究英语的情况了。你正在学习什么？

B：现在正在学否定词--“No”和“Not”。

A：对于“No”和“Not”没有什么特别要注意的地方，是吗？

B：的确没有什么，看来主要点在于“Not”和动词连用，而在其他地方用“No”。

18. Turning in 上床睡觉

A: I guess I'll turn in, Bob. It's been a long day.

B: I've got a chapter to read for tomorrow, so I'll be up for a while yet. I'll turn off the heat and lock the door before I go to bed.

A: Okay. What time are you getting up tomorrow?

B: Oh, the usual time. No, wait a minute. Make sure I'm up before you go to work, will you? I've got a quiz at ten. It wouldn't hurt to read over my notes.

A: I'll try, but when seven o'clock comes around, don't forget you asked me to wake you.

B: Good night, Joe.

Notes

Turn in 上床睡觉

Be up for a while 等一会儿(再睡)

Quiz 小型考试、测验

It wouldn't hurt to-it would be wise to come around 到来

A：我想我要上床了，鲍勃。今天很累了。

B：我还有一章要读完，这是明天的功课，所以我要等一会儿再睡。在我上床以前我会关掉暖气和锁上门的。

A：好的。明天你几点起床？

B：啊，老样子。不，等一等。记住，我要在你上班之前起来，好吗？十点钟我有一个小型考试。最好能再读一遍我的笔记。

A：我尽量做到，不过到七点钟时别忘了是你要我叫醒你的。

B：晚安，乔。

19. Bob on the Telephone 鲍勃在打电话

A: Hello, Pete. This is Bob. How are you?

B: Oh, I'm fine.

A: Where were you this afternoon? You missed an important lecture. Not sick, I hope. That's good. The next time you decide to skip class, check with me first. It wouldn't do for both of us to be absent. We need at least one complete set of notes. By the way, are you still in time wasting mood? Good. Why don't you come over after supper? Joe's off somewhere with date, and I don't feel much like working. About eight o'clock? Swell. And bring some records over, why don't you? Okay. See you then. Goodbye.

Notes

Skip class 逃课

Check with me 让我知道

Feel like-want to

Swell 好极了(口头语)

Time-wasting 觉得无聊的，没事可干

A：哈罗，皮特，我是鲍勃，你怎么样？

B：啊，我很好。

A：今天下午你在哪儿？你错过了一堂重要课，我想你没生病吧？那很好，下次你决定要逃课的话，先告诉我一下，我们两人都缺席不太好。我们至少应有一套完整的笔记。顺便问问你，你现在还是觉得无聊吗？好，晚饭后你来好吗？乔出去约会了，而我不大想工作了。八点左右来怎样？好极了！带一些唱片来好吗？好，到时见，再见。

20. Joe's Date 乔的约会

A: And then we went to a dance after dinner, and after the third dance she tells me that she's practically engaged to some G.I. who's overseas.

B: So?

A: What d'ya mean “so”? You don't accept dates if you're practically engaged.

B: Why not? You only asked her for a date, not for her hand in marriage. There's nothing wrong in going out with a friend from the office.

A: I know, but it makes me mad. They're all engaged, and they never tell you before you ask them out.

Notes

G.I. (美国)大兵

So?-go on, there's nothing strange about that （这实际上不是一句疑问句，意思是：这有什么可奇怪的，说下去）

d'ya mean-do you mean (口语中do you连续，发d'ya的音)

For one's hand in marriage 向…求婚

Go out with sb.-ask to spend some time with sb.

A：那样，晚饭后我们去跳舞，跳完第三只舞她告诉我，其实她已经同一位海外的大兵订婚了。

B：这没什么。

A：你说“这没什么”是什么意思？既然你已订婚，就不应再接受约会。

B：为什么不可以？你只不过是请她赴约会，又不是向她求婚，同办公室的一位朋友出去玩玩并没有什么不对。

A：我知道，不过这使我很恼火。她们都订婚了，而如果你不问她们，她们从不告诉你。